The quaternary structure also influences the three-dimensional shape of the protein and is formed through the side-chain interactions between two or more polypeptides. The three-dimensional shape of a protein, its tertiary structure, is determined by the interactions of side chains from the polypeptide backbone. These hydrogen bonds create alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheets of the secondary structure. The secondary structure contains regions of amino acid chains that are stabilized by hydrogen bonds from the polypeptide backbone. Only some proteins have a quaternary structure as well. The primary structure is comprised of a linear chain of amino acids. Every protein at least contains a primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. A protein can be identified based on each level of its structure. They carry out a wide variety of organism functions, including DNA replication, transporting molecules, catalyzing metabolic reactions, and providing structural support to cells. Proteins are polypeptide structures consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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